Sensory Integration– Just like a computer is made to process data (words into language, numbers into columns, visual images into graphics), the lower portion of the human brain is made to process sensory data into meaningful information. Early in development, neurons (brain cells) migrate through the nervous system to "hook up" with their destined targets. This is how the sensory systems are formed. During typical development, the main switchboard for each sensory system (neuclei within the brain stem) will project electrochemical signals to guide its neurons so that they hook up with their respective primary sensory region of the cortex (the upper mantle of the brain).
- Sounds (auditory data) may be processed into language, music, or the wail of a siren. Sounds are processed in the auditory cortex.
- Sights (visual data) may be processed into words, pictures, or faces of people you love. Sights are processed in the visual cortex.
- Touch (tactile data) may be processed into softness of a silky blouse, the itch of a new pair of pants, or the light touch of a bug on your arm. Touch sensations are processed in the somatosensory cortex.
- Taste (gustatory data) may be processed into the texture of a slurpee or tapioca pudding, or even the tingle of a stick of cinnamon gum.
- Balance (vestibular data) may be processed into the pleasurable rocking of a boat ride, the anxiety of “help I’m falling”, or the alert to danger when one stumbles. Balance sensations are primarily handled by the cerebellum.
- Smells (olfactory data) may be processed into the aroma of hot bread, the stench of sweaty feet, or the fragrance of a flower. Smell is processed in the limbic lobe.
- Movement (proprioceptive data) may be processed into the pressure of a hug, the joint excursion of reaching, or the pull of muscles exercising. Movements are processed in the motor cortex.
